1 Launch VRChat
2 Open the text box—either via "Search Worlds" or "Chat" is fine.
3 Click the "X" at the top right of the text box, or click the small "X" on the right side inside the text box.
4 VRChat stops accepting left-clicks and keyboard text input, and the issue is not resolved until VRChat is force-closed.
(In rare cases, simply opening the text box triggers the same bug.)
(The bug does not necessarily occur with a single action; it may happen after pressing the "X" mark or opening the text box several times.)